BRI experience of Bangladesh - present scenario and future aspects

Abstract

This paper examines the experience of Bangladesh under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), highlighting the current situation and future prospects. Over the past decade, various landmark projects, such as the Padma Bridge Rail Link, Karnaphuli Tunnel, and Matarbari Deep Sea Port, have strengthened trade links, connectivity, and industrial growth. Bangladesh’s GDP is expected to increase by 2.1% as a result of BRI investments. These investments are expected to create new employment opportunities, facilitate technology transfer, and support manufacturing expansion. However, challenges remain, including rising external debt, approximately USD 4 billion owed to China, dependence on fossil-fuel-based projects, and the need to balance diplomatic relations with India and other global partners. This study suggests that Bangladesh can benefit most from the BRI by ensuring greater project transparency, shifting toward green and renewable energy investments, and carefully diversifying its foreign economic partnerships. Overall, Bangladesh’s BRI journey demonstrates strong economic potential; however, its long-term success will depend on sustainable policies and balanced foreign engagement.