Sustainopreneurship for climate action: a conceptual framework from literature

Abstract

Climate change intensifies environmental risks and social inequalities, yet the role of entrepreneurs in developing and commercializing climate solutions remains underexplored. This paper develops a conceptual framework, grounded in the existing literature, to explain how sustainopreneurs contribute to climate action. The study employs a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles and selected conference proceedings, complemented by a thematic evidence map and abductive synthesis to identify key constructs and their interrelationships. The analysis identifies five interconnected mechanisms: problem sensing, mission orientation, effectuation-based venturing, community anchoring, and institutional interfacing. These mechanisms enable ventures to promote climate change mitigation through clean technologies and circular economy practices, strengthen adaptation and resilience through reliable and affordable services, and advance climate justice by improving access and inclusion. The findings further suggest that outcomes vary according to policy environments, organizational capabilities, and market awareness, while training and digitalization, financial incentives and recognition, and public–private partnerships serve as important enabling factors. The paper contributes an integrative conceptual framework and a set of testable propositions, offering practical implications for policymakers, educators, and ecosystem developers seeking to foster climate-oriented entrepreneurship.