Opportunities and Challenges of Non-Formal Education for Underprivileged Children in an Urban Slum: A Case Study of Nurerchala, Vatara

Abstract

This study examines the opportunities and challenges of non-formal education for underprivileged children in Nurerchala urban slum, Dhaka, using a qualitative case-study approach based on field observations and interviews with children, parents, teachers, and NGO workers. The findings show that non-formal education improves access to learning through flexible schedules, basic literacy and numeracy, life-skills training, and health and hygiene education, while also supporting self-esteem and community participation. However, poverty, child labor, family responsibilities, irregular attendance, limited teaching resources, overcrowded classrooms, inadequate teacher training, and weak institutional support remain major barriers. The study emphasizes the need for sustained policy support, community involvement, adequate resources, and stronger cooperation among government agencies, NGOs, educators, and local stakeholders to promote inclusive and equitable education.