| dc.description.abstract | Biofilms are complex microbial communities that attach firmly to surfaces and grow
within a dense extra cellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and
nucleic acids. Their ability to anchor to medical devices, hospital surfaces, industrial
pipelines, and food processing equipment makes them a major concern for both
healthcare and industry. In hospital environments, biofilms act as persistent
reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms. They reduce the activity of antibiotics,
protect harmful bacteria from the host immune system, and play a central role in
long-lasting infections linked with catheters, prosthetic implants, ventilator tubes,
and surgical instruments. These microbial structures also contaminate critical areas
such as operating theatres, sinks, and water outlets, which increases the risk of
hospital-acquired infections and elevates patient morbidity and mortality. | en_US |
